COVID-19 Vaccine Supply chain management by Blockchain

Authors

  • Talha Shahzad University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Atif Alvi University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21015/vtse.v10i2.990

Abstract

The pandemic of COVID-19 is a big challenge to human health. Covid-19 pandemics is the worldwide disease starting from Wuhan in December 2019. It effect a huge amount of people. Now the whole world enter in the process of Immunization and vaccinationabst: The COVID-19 pandemic has as of now featured the absence of flexibility in supply chains, as worldwide organizations fall flat from disturbances at single hubs and associations. With regards to COVID-19 pandemic, the fast carry out of its vaccination and the execution of an overall overall immunization process is very difficult, yet its prosperity will rely upon the accessibility of a functional and straightforward conveyance chain that can be inspected by all important beneficiaries. In this research, we examine how blockchain innovation can help in a few parts of vaccine distribution of COVID-19 . We describe a framework in which blockchain innovation is utilized to surety information respectability and changelessness of recipient enlistment for inoculation, keeping away from character burglaries and pantomimes. Brilliant agreements are characterized to screen and track the legitimate immunization conveyance conditions against the protected dealing with rules characterized by antibody makers empowering the attention to all arrange peers. For antibody organization, a straightforward and sealed answer for incidental effects self-revealing is given thinking about recipient and administrated immunization affiliation. A model was carried out utilizing the Ethereum network test, which determine the conditions of COVID-19 Vaccine.. The outcomes got for each chain activity can be checked and approved on the Etherscan. As far as throughput and versatility, the described blockchain framework shows promising outcomes while the assessed cost as far as gas for vaccination situation in light of genuine information stays inside sensible cutoff points.

References

Rauf et al., “COVID-19 pandemic: Epidemiology, etiology, conventional and non-conventional therapies,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 17, no. 5, pp. 8161-8155, 2020.

K. G. Andersen et al., “The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2,” Nat. Med., vol. 26, no. 10, pp. 450–452, 2020.

WHO Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Dashboard, Accessed: Dec. 2020. [Online]. Available: https://covid19.who.int/

E. Han et al., “Lessons learnt from easing COVID-19 restrictions: An analysis of countries and regions in Asia Pacific and Europe,” Lancet, vol. 396, no. 10261, pp. P1525–P1534, Nov. 2020.

Haque, and A. B. Pant, “Efforts at COVID-19 vaccine development: Challenges and successes,” Vaccines, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 739, 2020.

U. H. Kartoglu, K. L. Moore, and J. S. Lloyd, “Logistical challenges for potential SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and a call to research institutions, developers and manufacturers, Vaccine, vol. 38, no. 34, pp. 5393–5395, 2020.

M. Rahia and A. Sharma, “Mass vaccination against COVID-19 may require replays of the polio vaccination drives, EClinicalMedicine,” Lancet, vol. 25, no. 100501, p. 12, Aug. 2020.

COVID-19 Vaccine U.S. Distribution Fact Sheet, New York, NY, USA, United States: Pfizer, Nov. 2020. Accessed: Dec. 20, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.pfizer.com/news/hot-topics/covid_19_vaccine_ u_s_distribution_fact_sheet

S.-I. Chen, B. A. Norman, J. Rajgopal, T. M. Assi, B. Y. Lee, and S. T. Brown “A planning model for the WHO-EPI vaccine distribution network in developing countries,” IIE Trans., vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 853–865, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0740817X.2013.813094

S. Enayati, O. Y. Özaltın, “Optimal influenza vaccine distribution with equity,” Eur. J. Oper. Res., vol. 283, no. 2, pp. 714–725, 2020.

Y. Yang, H. Bidkhori, J. Rajgopal, “Optimizing vaccine distribution networks in low and middle-income countries,” Omega, vol. 99, no. 102197, pp. 220-233, 2021.

Asgary, M. M. Najafabadi, R. Karsseboom, and J. Wu, “A drivethrough simulation tool for mass vaccination during COVID-19 pandemic,” Healthcare, vol. 8, no. 35, pp. 469, 2020.

Riewpaiboon et al., “Optimizing national immunization program supply chain management in Thailand: An economic analysis,” Public Health, vol. 129, no. 7, pp. 899–906, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.04.016

P. Ignaciuk and Ł. Wieczorek, “Continuous genetic algorithms in the optimization of logistic networks: Applicability assessment and tuning,” Appl. Sci., vol. 10, no. 7851, pp. 212-219, 2020.

T.-T. Kuo, H.-E. Kim, and L. Ohno-Machado, “Blockchain distributed ledger technologies for biomedical and health care applications,” J. Amer. Med. Inform. Assoc., vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 1211–1220, Nov. 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx068

R. T. Hasanat, M. Arifur Rahman, N. Mansoor, N. Mohammed, M. S. Rahman, and M. Rasheduzzaman, “An IoT based real-time data-centric monitoring system for vaccine cold chain,” in Proc. IEEE East-West Des. Test Symp., vol. 20, no. 9, pp. 1–5, 2020.

S. Khezr, M. Moniruzzaman, A. Yassine, and R. Benlamri, “Blockchain technology in healthcare: A comprehensive review and directions for future research,” Appl. Sci., vol. 9, no. 1736, pp. 514-526, 2019.

M. Hölbl, M. Kompara, A. Kamišalic, and L. Nemec Zlatolas, “A ´ systematic review of the use of blockchain in healthcare,” Symmetry, vol. 10, no. 176, pp. 470, 2018.

D. Marbouh et al. “Blockchain for COVID-19: Review, opportunities, and a trusted tracking system,” Arab J. Sci. Eng., vol. 45, no. 16, pp. 9895–9911, 2020.

Kalla, T. Hewa, R. A. Mishra, M. Ylianttila, and M. Liyanage, “The role of blockchain to fight against COVID-19,” IEEE Eng. Manage. Rev., vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 85–96, Jul.–Sep. 2020.

Fusco, G. Dicuonzo, V. Dell’Atti, and M. Tatullo , “Blockchain in healthcare: Insights on COVID-19,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 17, no. 7167, pp. 95–104, 2020.

J. Zhang, and M. Wu, “Blockchain use in IoT for privacypreserving anti-pandemic home quarantine,” Electronics, vol. 9, no. 1746, pp. 95–104, 2020.

M. K. Manoj et al., “An incentive based approach for COVID19 using blockchain technology,” Nov. 2020, Accessed: Dec. 20, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/link_gateway/ 2020arXiv201101468M/arxiv:2011.01468

P. Gonczol, P. Katsikouli, L. Herskind, and N. Dragoni, “Blockchain implementations and use cases for supply chains-a survey,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, no. 34, pp. 11856–11871, 2020.

R. Singh, A. D. Dwivedi, and G. Srivastava, “Internet of things based blockchain for temperature monitoring and counterfeit pharmaceutical prevention,” Sensors, vol. 20, no. 22, pp. 3951, 2020.

K. Abbas, M. Afaq, T. Ahmed Khan, and W.-C. Song, “A blockchain and machine learning-based drug supply chain management and recommendation system for smart pharmaceutical industry,” Electronics, vol. 9, no. 28, pp. 852, 2020.

J.-H. Tseng, Y.-C. Liao, B. Chong, and S.-W. Liao, “Governance on the drug supply chain via Gcoin blockchain,” Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, vol. 15, no. 1055, pp. 234-245, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15061055

Yong, J. Shen, X. Liu, F. Li, H. Chen, Q. Zhou, “An intelligent blockchain-based system for safe vaccine supply and supervision,” Int. J. Inf. Manage., vol. 52, no. 102024, p. 23, 2020.

Farooq, M. S., Khan, S. A., Abid, K., Ahmad, F., Naeem, M. A., Shafiq, M., & Abid, A. (2015). Taxonomy and design considerations for comments in programming languages: a quality perspective. Journal of Quality and Technology Management., vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 167-182, 2015.

M. F. Manzoor, A. Abid, M. S. Farooq, N. A. Azam, and U. Farooq, “Resource allocation techniques in cloud computing: A review and future directions,” Elektron. ir elektrotech., vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 40–51, 2020.

I. A. Khawaja, A. Abid, M. S. Farooq, A. Shahzada, U. Farooq, and K. Abid, “Ad-hoc collaboration space for distributed cross device mobile application development,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 62800–62814, 2020.

M. S. Farooq, Z. Kalim, J. N. Qureshi, S. Rasheed, and A. Abid, “A blockchain-based framework for distributed agile software development,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 17977–17995, 2022.

A. Abid, M. S. Farooq, and U. Farooq, “A strategy for the design of introductory computer programming course in high school,” Journal of Elementary Education, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 145–165, 2015.

R. Tehseen, M. S. Farooq, and A. Abid, “Fuzzy Expert System for earthquake prediction in western Himalayan range,” Elektron. ir elektrotech., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 4–12, 2020.

A. H. A. Zahid, M.Waji Haider, M. S. Farooq, A. Abid, and A. Ali, “A critical analysis of software failure causes from project management perspectives,” VFAST trans. softw. eng., pp. 113–119, 2018.

M. S. Farooq, M. Khan, and A. Abid, “A framework to make charity collection transparent and auditable using blockchain technology,” Comput. Electr. Eng., vol. 83, no. 106588, p. 106588, 2020.

Farooq, M. S., Khan, S. A., & Abid, A. A framework for the assessment of a first programming language. Journal of Basic and Applied Scientific Research, Vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 8144-8149, 2012.

Farooq, M. S., Abid, A., Khan, S. A., Naeem, M. A., Farooq, A., Abid, K., & Shafiq, M. (2012). A Qualitative Framework for Introducing Programming Language at High School. Journal of Quality and Technology Management, Vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 135-151.

M. Ramzan, M. S. Farooq, A. Zamir, W. Akhtar, M. Ilyas, and H. U. Khan, “An analysis of issues for adoption of cloud computing in telecom industries,” Eng. technol. Appl. sci. res., vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 3157–3161, 2018.

A. A. Shah, M. Khurram Ehsan, K. Ishaq, Z. Ali, and M. S. Farooq. (2018). An efficient hybrid classifier model for anomaly intrusion detection system. IJCSNS, vol. 18 no. 11, pp. 127-136.

A. Naeem, M. S. Farooq, A. Khelifi, and A. Abid, “Malignant melanoma classification using deep learning: Datasets, performance measurements, challenges and opportunities,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 110575–110597, 2020.

I. Obaid, M. S. Farooq, and A. Abid, “Gamification for recruitment and job training: Model, taxonomy, and challenges,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 65164–65178, 2020.

O. Aziz, M. S. Farooq, A. Abid, R. Saher, and N. Aslam, “Research trends in enterprise service bus (ESB) applications: A systematic mapping study,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 31180–31197, 2020.

A. Arooj, M. S. Farooq, T. Umer, and R. U. Shan, “Cognitive Internet of Vehicles and disaster management: A proposed architecture and future direction,” Trans. emerg. telecommun. technol., p. e3625, 2019.

E. Mehmood, A. Abid, M. S. Farooq, and N. A. Nawaz, “Curriculum, teaching and learning, and assessments for introductory programming course,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 125961–125981, 2020.

A. Arooj, M. S. Farooq, A. Akram, R. Iqbal, A. Sharma, and G. Dhiman, “Big data processing and analysis in internet of vehicles: Architecture, taxonomy, and open research challenges,” Arch. Comput. Methods Eng., vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 793–829, 2022.

R. Tehseen, M. S. Farooq, and A. Abid, “Earthquake prediction using expert systems: A systematic mapping study,” Sustainability, vol. 12, no. 6, p. 2420, 2020.

M. Attique, M. S. Farooq, A. Khelifi, and A. Abid, “Prediction of therapeutic peptides using machine learning: Computational models, datasets, and feature encodings,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 148570–148594, 2020.

M. S. Farooq, R. Tahseen, and U. Omer, “Ethical guidelines for AI: A systematic literature review,” VFAST trans. softw. eng., vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 33–47, 2021.

A. Abid, W. Ali, M. S. Farooq, U. Farooq, N. S. Khan, and K. Abid, “Semi-automatic classification and duplicate detection from human loss news corpus,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 97737–97747, 2020.

A. Khelifi, O. Aziz, M. S. Farooq, A. Abid, and F. Bukhari, “Social and economic contribution of 5G and blockchain with green computing: Taxonomy, challenges, and opportunities,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 69082–69099, 2021.

D. M. Vistro, M. S. Farooq, A. U. Rehman, and S. Malik, “Smart application based blockchain consensus protocols: A systematic mapping study,” in Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Integrated Intelligent Computing Communication & Security (ICIIC 2021), 2021.

Farooq, M. S., & Akram, S. IoT IN AGRICULTURE: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES. J. Agric. Res, vol. 59 no. 1, pp. 63-87, 2021.

L. A. Haafza, M. J. Awan, A. Abid, A. Yasin, H. Nobanee, and M. S. Farooq, “Big Data COVID-19 systematic literature review: Pandemic crisis,” Electronics (Basel), vol. 10, no. 24, p. 3125, 2021.

A. Rashid, M. S. Farooq, A. Abid, T. Umer, A. K. Bashir, and Y. B. Zikria, “Social media intention mining for sustainable information systems: categories, taxonomy, datasets and challenges,” Complex intell. syst., 2021.

M. S. Farooq et al., “Untangling computer-aided diagnostic system for screening diabetic Retinopathy based on deep learning techniques,” Sensors (Basel), vol. 22, no. 5, p. 1803, 2022.

M. J. Anjum and M. S. Farooq, “SDN based V2X networks for disaster management: A systematic literature review,” VFAST trans. softw. eng., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 82–91, 2021.

M. Shaheen, M. S. Farooq, T. Umer, and B.-S. Kim, “Applications of federated learning; Taxonomy, challenges, and research trends,” Electronics (Basel), vol. 11, no. 4, p. 670, 2022.

Downloads

Additional Files

Published

2022-06-18

How to Cite

Shahzad, T., & Alvi, A. (2022). COVID-19 Vaccine Supply chain management by Blockchain. VFAST Transactions on Software Engineering, 10(2), 109–115. https://doi.org/10.21015/vtse.v10i2.990

Issue

Section

Articles