Designing Intelligent Software Systems for Early Detection of Chronic Mycobacterial Lung Disease

Authors

  • Shanmuga Sundari M Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, BVRIT HYDERABAD College of Engineering for Women, Hyderabad, India https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5755-474X
  • Sireesha Vikkurty Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, KL University, Bachupally, Hyderabad, Telangana, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-5845
  • Vijaya Chandra Jadala Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence,SR University, Warangal 506371, Telangana, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5149-5176
  • Kbks Durga Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, BVRIT HYDERABAD College of Engineering for Women, Hyderabad, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3423-7917

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21015/vtse.v14i2.2321

Abstract

Early detection of mycobacterial lung disease is tough because we have a lot of different clinical data and old diagnostic methods are not very good. This paper is about a healthcare software system that was made using a careful and organized approach. The chronic mycobacterial lung disease software system puts together data collection getting the data ready and analysis that uses intelligence. The chronic mycobacterial lung disease software system looks at chest X-ray pictures and clinical information using a kind of neural network. We tried it out with 5,200 examples and it was very good. It got the answer 95.1 percent of the time it was precise 94.6 percent of the time it caught most of the cases 95.8 percent of the time it had a good balance of precision and recall with a score of 95.2 percent and it was very good at telling the difference between things with a score of 0.97. When we compared it to models it did better every time. The results show that we need to use kinds of data and plan the software carefully to make chronic mycobacterial lung disease software systems that are reliable and easy to use. The chronic mycobacterial lung disease software system is very important, for mycobacterial lung disease diagnosis and treatment.

References

S. Hansun, A. Argha, H. Alinejad-Rokny, S.-T. Liaw, and B. G. Celler, “Revisiting transfer learning method for tuberculosis diagnosis,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. E-health Netw., Appl. Serv. (HealthCom), 2023.

E. J. Topol, “High-performance medicine: The convergence of human and artificial intelligence,” Nature Medicine, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 44–56, 2019, doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0300-7.

G. Kulkarni, S. D. Palwe, N. Patil, A. J. Telkhade, and J. Kadukar, “Prevalence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis at a regional drug-resistant tuberculosis center of Maharashtra,” Indian J. Respiratory Care, vol. 9, pp. 30–34, 2020.

World Health Organization, Global Tuberculosis Report 2021. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO, 2021.

R. R. Nathavitharana et al., “Impact of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra diagnostic accuracy on decision making in childhood tuberculosis: A modeling study,” PLoS Medicine, vol. 16, no. 9, Art. no. e1002917, 2019.

M. Sharma, S. Deswal, U. Gupta, M. Tabassum, and I. A. Lawal, Eds., Soft Computing Techniques in Connected Healthcare Systems, 1st ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2024.

J. Amann et al., “Explainability for artificial intelligence in healthcare: A multidisciplinary perspective,” BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, vol. 20, no. 1, Art. no. 310, 2020.

E. H. Shortliffe and J. J. Cimino, Eds., Biomedical Informatics: Computer Applications in Health Care and Biomedicine, 4th ed. London, U.K.: Springer, 2014.

B. Murdoch, “Privacy and artificial intelligence: Challenges for protecting health information in a new era,” BMC Medical Ethics, vol. 22, no. 1, Art. no. 122, 2021.

T. R. Babu et al., “Towards smart healthcare management: Harnessing computer science advancements,” African J. Biological Sciences, vol. 6, no. SI2, pp. 6116–6123, 2024.

C. Chakraborty et al., “From machine learning to deep learning: Advances of the recent data-driven paradigm shift in medicine and healthcare,” in Deep Learning for Medical Applications with Unique Data. Elsevier, 2022, pp. 1–16.

Z. Sadeghi, H. Li, and M. Brown, “Explainable AI in clinical decision support: Concepts, applications and challenges,” Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 2024 (in press).

S. W. Ali et al., “Detection of crackle and wheeze in lung sound using machine learning technique for clinical decision support system,” VAWKUM Trans. Comput. Sci., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 67–78, 2023.

M. S. Sundari et al., “Measurement of necrotic lung lesions distance in CT images using optimized contrastive learning,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Comput. Sci. Commun. Eng. (ICCSCE), 2025, pp. 3364–3372.

K. D. Reddy and T. R. Gadekallu, “A comprehensive survey on federated learning techniques for healthcare informatics,” Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience, vol. 2023, Art. no. 8393990, 2023.

S. K. Yang, J. Chen, and L. Zhang, “Federated learning for smart healthcare: A survey,” ACM Computing Surveys, 2022.

A. Rancea, M. Pop, and D. Ionescu, “Edge computing in healthcare: Innovations, opportunities and challenges,” Future Internet, vol. 16, 2024.

J. G. de Almeida, R. N. Silva, and P. H. Costa, “Medical machine learning operations: A framework to facilitate MedMLOps,” Journal of Medical Systems, 2025.

Y. Divya et al., “Accurate kidney tumor medical image segmentation using optimized U-Net algorithm,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Comput. Sci. Commun. Eng. (ICCSCE), 2025, pp. 3334–3342.

M. Owda and H. El-Sayed, “A lightweight hybrid deep learning model for tuberculosis detection from chest X-ray images,” IEEE Access, 2025.

A. Rafferty and A. Rajan, “Limitations of public chest radiography datasets for artificial intelligence: Label quality, domain shift, bias and evaluation challenges,” arXiv preprint arXiv:2509.15107, 2025.

C. M. van Leersum and C. Maathuis, “Human centred explainable AI decision-making in healthcare,” Journal of Responsible Technology, vol. 21, Art. no. 100108, 2025.

S. Menon, R. K. Gupta, and A. S. Thomas, “Artificial intelligence for tuberculosis control: A scoping review,” Global Health: Science and Practice, 2025.

M. Suliman et al., “A convolutional neural network (CNN) based framework for enhanced diagnosis and classification of COVID-19 pneumonia,” VAWKUM Trans. Comput. Sci., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 264–284, 2024.

S. Shaikh et al., “AI-driven thoracic X-ray diagnostics: Transformative transfer learning for clinical validation in pulmonary radiography,” Journal of Personalized Medicine, vol. 14, no. 8, Art. no. 856, 2024.

A. Abdullah et al., “A multimodal AI framework for automated multiclass lung disease diagnosis from respiratory sounds with simulated biomarker fusion and personalized medication recommendation,” Int. J. Molecular Sciences, vol. 26, no. 15, Art. no. 7135, 2025.

M. A. Salam et al., “A hybrid deep learning and machine learning model for multi-class lung disease detection in medical imaging,” Int. J. Intelligent Engineering and Systems, vol. 18, no. 1, 2025.

Y. Zhang, Y. Wang, and L. Chen, “LungDiag: Empowering artificial intelligence for respiratory diseases diagnosis based on electronic health records, a multicenter study,” MedComm, vol. 6, no. 1, Art. no. e70043, 2025.

B. U. Maheswari et al., “Explainable deep-neural-network supported scheme for tuberculosis detection from chest radiographs,” BMC Medical Imaging, vol. 24, no. 1, Art. no. 32, 2024.

M. Kagujje et al., “Prospective multi-site validation of AI to detect tuberculosis and chest X-ray abnormalities,” NEJM AI, vol. 1, no. 10, 2024.

S. Wassan, M. A. Shah, and R. A. Khan, “Federated learning and differential privacy: Machine learning and deep learning for biomedical image data classification,” Digital Health, vol. 11, 2025.

M. Poddar et al., “An operational guide to translational clinical machine learning in academic medical centers,” npj Digital Medicine, vol. 7, 2024.

V. Moskalenko, V. Kharchenko, and S. Semenov, “Resilience-aware MLOps for AI-based medical diagnostic system,” Frontiers in Public Health, vol. 12, Art. no. 1342937, 2024.

F. S. Alghareb, A. A. Alghamdi, and A. A. Alshahrani, “Leveraging multithreading on edge computing for smart healthcare based on intelligent multimodal classification approach,” Computerized Medical Imaging and Graphics, vol. 124, Art. no. 102594, 2025.

Downloads

Published

2026-04-26

How to Cite

Sundari M, S., Vikkurty, S., Jadala, V. C., & Durga, K. (2026). Designing Intelligent Software Systems for Early Detection of Chronic Mycobacterial Lung Disease. VFAST Transactions on Software Engineering, 14(2), 116–128. https://doi.org/10.21015/vtse.v14i2.2321