Effect of Peer Tutoring on Students’ Academic Performance in Chemistry at Secondary Level

Authors

  • Muhammad Javed Aftab Assistant Professor Department of Special Education Division of Education (DOE) University of Education, Township, Lahore, Pakistan Email: drmjavedaftab@ue.edu.pk
  • Muhammad Jawad Tehsain Assistant Education Officer (AEO) School Education Department Government of the Punjab, Multan, Pakistan
  • Munwar Bagum Assistant Professor Department of Education Institute of Southern Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21015/vtess.v10i3.1322

Abstract

The prime objective of quasi experimental pre-test post-test design study was to analyze the effects of the peer tutoring on the academic performance of the students in subject of chemistry at secondary level. All 6998 male students enrolled in high and higher secondary schools of Tehsil Muzaffargarh were selected as population. But, two intact groups of grade 10th in Govt. High School Khan Pur Bagga Sher having ninety-five students were selected as sample of study. One section with 50 students (Experimental group) was taught using peer tutoring model and other section with 45 students (Control group) taught with conventional methods. The data was obtained on the basis of self-made pretest and posttest method based on BISE pattern. The data was analyzed by SPSS and descriptive analysis techniques of independent t-test and paired sampling test was used. It was concluded that significant differences occurred in experimental group students’ academic performance level. The major findings of the study suggest that the use of peer tutoring has a positive effect on chemistry learner and enhancing the academic performance as well as closing the peer tutoring gap. Finally, this study provides the valuable implications for teachers, school administrators and policy makers to improve academic performance of chemistry learners.

References

Ali, N., Anwar, M., & Abbas, J. (2015). Journal for Studies in Management and Planning. Impact of Peer Tutoring on Learning of Students, 1(2), 61-65.

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. U.K. 112-115.

Bandura, A. (1997). Self –Efficacy: The exercise of control. Freeman.

Bandura, A., & Schunk, D.H. (1981). Cultivating competence self-efficacy, and Social Psychology, U.K. 48,251.

Buzbee-Little, P.F. (2005), “Peer coaching as a support to collaborative teaching”, Mentoring and Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 13 (1), 83-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13611260500040351

Chastain, G. (1998). Demonstrating tutoring effectiveness within a one-semester course. Journal of College Student Development, 39(5), 502-508.

Colvin, J. N. (2007). Peer tutoring and social dynamics in higher education. Mentoring and Tutoring, 15(2), 165-181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13611260601086345

Comfort, P. (2011), “The effect of peer tutoring on academic achievement during practical assessment in applied sports science students”, Innovations in Educational and Teaching International, 48 (2), 207-211. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14703297.2011.564015

Comfort, P., & McMahon, J.J. (2014). The effect of peer tutoring on academic achievement. J. Appl. Res. High. Educ. 6, 168–175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-06-2012-0017

Damon, W., & Phelps, E. (1989). Critical distinctions among three approaches to peer education. International journal of educational research, 13(1), 9-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-0355(89)90013-X

Duran, D. & Vidal, V. (2004). Peer tutoring: from theory to practice. A cooperative learning method for diversity in secondary school. Barcelona

Fuchs, L. S., Fuchs, D., Hamlett, C. L., Phillips, N. B., Karns, K., & Dutka, S. (1997). Enhancing students' helping behavior during peer tutoring with conceptual

mathematical explanations. Elementary School Journal, 97(3), 223-250.

Fuchs, D., Fuchs, L.S., Mathes, P.G., & Simmons, D.C. (1997). Peer-assisted learning strategies: Making classrooms more responsive to diversity. U.S.A. 295,301,313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312034001174

Fuchs, D., Fuchs L. S., Mathes, P. G., & Martinez, E. A. (2002). Preliminary evidence

on the social standing of students with learning disabilities in PALS and no-PALS classrooms. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 17(4), 205–215. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5826.00046 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5826.00046

Fantuzzo, J. W., Polite, K., & Grayson, N. (1990). An evaluation of reciprocal peer tutoring across elementary school settings. Journal of School Psychology, 28(4), 309-323. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4405 (90)90021-X DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4405(90)90021-X

Greenwood, C.R., Carta, J.J., & Hall, V. (1988). The use of peer tutoring strategies in classroom management and educational instruction. School Psychology Review, 17(2), 258-275.

Grubs, N. (2009). The Effects of the Peer Tutoring Program: An Action Research Study of the Effectiveness of the Peer Tutoring Program at One Suburban Middle School. Ga. Sch. Couns. Assoc. 16, 21–31.

Hagen, T., & Hennemann, T. (2019). Playing the Good behavior Game Suring a Peer Tutroing Intervention: Effects on Behavior and Reading Fluency of Tutors with Behavioral Program. 16(1), 59-77.

Harper, G. F., & Maheady, L. (2007). Peer-mediated teaching and students with learning disabilities. Intervention in School and Clinic, 43, 101-107 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/10534512070430020101

Hartman, G. (2010). Peer learning and support in audio-teleconference in continuing education for nurses. Distance Education, 11(2), 308-319.https:// doi: 10.1080/0158791900110209 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0158791900110209

Johns, M., & Kolka, V. (2005). The psychological growth of peer mentors in a college program for students on academic probation. Psychological Growth of Peer Mentors in College.

Johson, D., Johson, R., & Holubec, E. (2014). Cooperative learning in the classroom. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.

Kaleem, M., Tabassum, R., & Ullah, I. (2019). Effects of Peer Tutoring on the Academic Achievement of Students in the Subject of Biology at Secondary Level. Education Science. 8,112.

Landrum, R. E., & Chastain, G. (1998). Demonstration tutoring effectiveness within a one-semester course. Journals of College Student Development, 39(5), 502-508.

Lee, L.M., & Bush, T. (2003). Student mentoring in higher education: Hong Kong Baptist University. Mentor. 11, 263–271. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1361126032000138319

MacDonald, R. B. (2000). The master tutor: A guidebook for more effective tutoring (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Cambridge Stratford.

Madrid, L.D., Canas, M., & Ortega-Medina, M., (2007). Effects of team competition versus team cooperation in class wide peer tutoring. J. Educ. Res. 100, 155–160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3200/JOER.100.3.155-160

Maheady, L. (2001). Peer-mediated instruction and interventions and students with mild disabilities. Remedial & Special Education, 22(1), 4-15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/074193250102200102

Maheady, L., & Harper, G. (1987). A class wide peer tutoring program to improve the DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/002246698702100309

spelling test performance of low-income, third- and fourth-grade students. Education and Treatment of Children, 10, 120–133.

Marshall, H., Valentic, G., & Rasmussen, S. (2019). Embedded Tutoring to Enhance Dialogic Feedback and Improve Student Self-Regulation. Learning Assistance Review, 24(2).

Mastropierri, M., Scruggs, T., Spencer, V., & Fontana, J. (2003). Promoting success in high school world history: Peer tutoring versus guided notes. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 18(1), 52-65. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5826.00057

Mehra, V., & Mondal, H.R. (2005). Effects of peer tutoring on learning outcomes of high school science students. Indian Educ. 41–58.

Mcpherson, M., & Nunes, M. B. (2013). The Role of Tutors as a Fundamental Component of Online Learning Support. Distance and E-Learning in Transition, 235–246. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118557686.ch16 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118557686.ch16

Miller, A. S. (2003). The Development of Critical Thinking in Adult Learners Using Multi logical Problems and Dialogical Instruction. (Doctoral Dissertation). Walden University. Retrieved from Pro quest database.

Mitchem, K.J., Young, K.R., West, R.P., & Benyo, J. (2001). CWPASM: A class wide peer-assisted self-management program for general education classrooms. Educ. Treat. Child. (ETC) 24, 111–140.

Moreneo, C., & Duran, D. (2002). Frameworks: Cooperative and Collaborative methods. Barecelona, Spain: Edebe.

Mumford, T.J. (1999). The Effects of Student Support Services Peer Tutoring on Learning and Study Strategies, Grades, and Retention at a Rural Community College. Ph.D. Thesis, Eastern Kentucky University, USA.

Outhred, T., & Chester, A. (2010). The Experience of Class Tutors in a Peer Tutoring Programme: A Novel Theoretical Framework, Australasian Journal of Peer Learning, 3(1), 12-23.

Oviawe, J.I. (2008). Effect of peer tutoring assisted instruction on students’ academic achievement in introductory technology. FCT Education Secretariat Journal of Curriculum Studies and instruction, 1(1), 77-84.

Pearson, P. D., & Johnson, D. D. (1978). Teaching reading comprehension. New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.

Philip, L., & Council, B. (2010). Peer Tutoring: Students achievement, confidence and the teacher’s role. University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE.

Piaget, J. (1974). PartI: Cognitive development in children: Piaget (1974) development and learning. J.Res. Sci. Teach. 2, 176–186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/tea.3660020306

Pugatch, T., & Wilson, N. (2018). Nudging study habits: A field experiment on peer

tutoring in higher education. Economics of Education Review, 62, 151-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2017.11.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2017.11.003

Rizve, R. (2008). The Effect of Peer Tutoring on Student Achievement in the Subject of English at Secondary Level in the Light of Vygotsky’s Theory. Ph.D. Thesis, Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan, 2012.

Russ, V. A. (2015). The relationship between final grades and tutoring methods of at- risk college freshmen. (Doctoral Dissertation, Walden University).

Sandford, R.A., Armour, K.M., & Stanton, D.J. (2010), “Volunteer mentors as informal educators in a youth physical activity program”, Mentoring and Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 18 (2), 135-153. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13611261003678887

Santee, J., & Gravalia, L. (2006). Peer tutoring programs in health professional schools. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5688/aj700370

American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 70(3), 11-117.

Saunders, D. (2002), “Peer tutoring in higher education”, Studies in higher Education, 17 (2), 211-218. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079212331382677

Shabani, K., Khatib, M., & Ebadi, S. (2010). Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development: Instructional Implications and Teachers' Professional Development. English Language Teaching, 3(4), 237-248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v3n4p237

Springer, L., Stanne, M., & Samuel, D. (1991). Effects of Small-Group Learning on undergraduates in Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology: A Meta-Analysis of Educational Research, 69, 21-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/00346543069001021

Smith, S. & Nicolai, D. (2013). Guide for Tutors and Tutees, 1st ed.; State University of New York: New York, USA.

Stigmar, M. (2016). Peer-to-peer teaching in higher education: A critical literature review. Mentoring & Tutoring: partnership in learning, 24(2), 124-136. https:// doi.org/10.1080/13611267.2016.1178963 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13611267.2016.1178963

Topping, K. (2000). Tutoring; International Academy of Education: Geneva, Switzerland.

Topping, K.J. (1996). The effectiveness of peer tutoring in further and higher education: A typology and review of the literature. High. Educ. 32, 321–345.

Topping, K. J. (1996). The Effectiveness of Peer Tutoring in Further and Higher

Education: A Typology and Review of the Literature. Higher Education, 32, 321-345. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00138870 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00138870

Tong, E. (2004). Tutoring aid tutors, learners. Collaborative Learning, 661, 253-257.

Tudor, A. M. (N.D). Peer Tutoring Handbook for Tutors and Mentor Teachers.Tennessee High School, Bristol.

Vasay, E.T. (2010). The Effects of Peer Teaching in the Performance of Students in Mathematics, E- International Scientific Research Journal, 2, 161-171.

Vigotsky, L. S. (1989). Fundamentals of Defectología. Havana City, Cuba: Pueblo and Education.

Web, N., Nemer, K., & Ing, M. (2006). Small-group reflections: Parallels between teachers discourse and student-behavior in peer-directed groups. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 15(1), 63-119. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327809jls1501_8

Downloads

Published

2022-09-30

How to Cite

Aftab, M. J., Tehsain, M. J., & Bagum, M. (2022). Effect of Peer Tutoring on Students’ Academic Performance in Chemistry at Secondary Level. VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences, 10(3), 55–64. https://doi.org/10.21015/vtess.v10i3.1322