Post 18th Amendment Scenario and Higher Education in Pakistan? A Case Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Authors

  • Fayyaz Ali National Institute of Pakistan Studies (NIPS), Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Saeed Ahmad Rid National Institute of Pakistan Studies (NIPS), Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21015/vtess.v9i1.788

Abstract

The historic 18th Constitutional Amendment has led to a drastic change in the federal structure of Pakistan from a more centralized parliamentary to a decentralized participatory federal system with a greater provincial autonomy having a more participatory role of the province in federal domains through Concurrent Legislative List (CCI). The CLL has been abolished through this hallmark Amendment, a long-standing demand of the smaller nationalist-based provinces. Along with other subjects, education and especially higher education has also been devolved to provinces. Higher Education is now under the provincial domain. However, the Federal Legislative List, Part II with Entry No. 12 that deals with "standard in institutions for higher education and research, scientific and technical institutions,” under the preview of Council of Common Interests, created incomplete devolution of higher education to provinces. This study examines the new arrangements regarding higher education in Pakistan after the 18th Amendment focussing on a case study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa to understand the applications of the 18th Amendment with all its pros and cons. How far the devolution process has been successful in terms of devolution of higher education, the issues between the federal government and provinces relating to the distribution of resources and powers, hurdles in the creation of provincial HEC, and more importantly the resources distribution of the federal government for higher education at the provincial level are some of the questions that have been thoroughly explored in this study.

For collecting the relevant data, the researcher relied on primary data using interviews thereby using the purposive sample technique. Experts of administration and academia were selected through the snowball technique and their interviews were properly and ethically recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to get the major themes of the study. The study finds that the issues of financial and administrative devolution haven’t yet materialized and that the establishment of provincial HEC is mandatory for uplifting provincial higher education. Moreover, the distribution of powers and authority needs to be resolved for better devolution.

References

Ali, S. (2006). Governing Education Policy in a Globalising World – The Sphere of Authority of the Pakistani State (PhD unpublished), The University of Edinburgh. Retrieved from https://www.era.lib.ed.ac.uk/handle/1842/5800

Araya, D., & Peters, M. A. (2010). Education in the creative economy: Knowledge and learning in the age of innovation: Peter Lang.

Arthur, J., & Bohlin, K. (2005). Citizenship and higher education: the role of universities in communities and society: Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203415931

Bengali, K. (1999). History of Educational Policy Making and Planing in Pakistan (pp. 1-28). Islamabad: Sustainable Develoment Policy Institute.

Blaikie, N. (2003). Analyzing quantitative data: From description to explanation: Sage. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849208604

Brennan, J. (2012). Is there a future for higher education institutions in the knowledge society? European review, 20(2), 195-202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1062798711000421

Celik, V., & Gömleksiz, M. N. (2000). A critical examination of globalization and its effects on education. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(2), 133-144.

Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2011). The Sage handbook of qualitative research: Sage.

Dicey, A. (1973). An Introduction to the Studyof the Lawof the Constitution: Mc Millan: St Martin Press.

Gordon, E. W. (1999). Education and justice: A view from the back of the bus: Teachers College Press.

Hameed, I. (2016). Comparative Study of Higher Education Systems in the Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. (PhD Unpublished), Preston University Kohat,Islamabad Campus.

Hassan, W. (2016). Deciphering Pakistan's Education Riddle: Royal Book Company.

Hathaway, R. M. (2005). Education Reform in Pakistan: Building for the Future: ERIC.

Hayward, F. M. (2009). Higher Education Transformation in Pakistan: Political and Economic Instability. Inernational Higher Education(54), 19-20.

I-SAPS. (2014). Eighteenth Constitutional Amendment: Federal and Provincial roles and responsibilities in education.

Isani, U. A. (2001). Higher Education in Pakistan: A Historical-Futuristic Prospective. (PhD), The National University of Modern Languages.

Jahangir, K. (2008). Management of higher education reforms in Pakistan: An implementation perspective. Utrecht University.

Johnstone, D., B. and P. Marcucci. (2010). Financing Higher Education Worldwide: Who Pays? Who Should Pay? In F. López-Segrera, B. Sanyal & J. Tres (Eds.), Higher education in the world 2006: The financing of universities (pp. 149-155). Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

Khan, I. (2011). 18th Amendment, HEC and higher education. https://www.interface.edu.pk/students/April-11/18th-Amendment-HEC-and-higher-education.asp

Khan, K. (2015). Post 18th Amendment Scenario of Higher Education: A Case Study of Sindh. Pakistan Perspective, 20(2).

Lall, M. (2015). Community cohesion and the role of education in Pakistan and Bangladesh. Heidelberg Papers in South Asian and Comparative Politics(76).

Lingard, B., Rawolle, S., & Taylor , S. (2005). Globalizing policy sociology in education: working with Bourdieu. Journal of education policy, 20(6), 759-777. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02680930500238945

M.Hayward, F. (2009). Higher education transformation in Pakistan: Political and economic instability. International Educator, 18(3), 24.

Mansoor, S. (2003). Language planning in higher education issues of access and equity.

MUNDIAL, B. (1999). Education Sector Strategy (Washington DC: The.

Mustafa, G. (2012). Education policy analysis report of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Islamabad: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation.

Mustafa, U. (2011). Fiscal federalism in Pakistan: The 7th National Finance Commission award and its implications: Pakistan Institute of Development Economics.

Naidoo, R. (2005). Distortion of Teaching and Research. In R. Barnett (Ed.), Reshaping the university: New relationships between research, scholarship and teaching

McGraw-Hill Education (UK).

Naureen, S., & Lodhi, F. A. (January -June 2015). Higher Education in Pakistan: Challenges and Perspectives. Pakistan Perspectives, 20(1), 97-116.

Nizamuddin, M. (2015). The Relevance of Higher Education in the Aftermath of the 18th Constitutional Amendment. Development Advocate Pakistan, 2(1), 1-44.

Ozair, M., & Khan, J. (2017). The Content of the Eighteenth Constitutional Amendment and Balochistan: A Critical Appraisal. Balochistan Review, XXXVII(2).

Parveen, A. E. (2011). System and Reforms of Higher Education in Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(20).

PEP. (2006). LEAPING FORWARD:A Report on Higher Education In Pakistan (pp. 1-125). New York: Promotion of Education in Pakistan Foundation, Inc.

Peters, M. A. (2003). Education policy in the age of knowledge capitalism. Policy Futures in Education, 1(2), 361-380. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2304/pfie.2003.1.2.12

Peters, M. A. (2004). Higher Education, Globalisation and the Knowledge Economy. In M. Walker & J. Nixon (Eds.), Reclaiming universities from a runaway world. London and New York: Open University Press.

Peters, M. A., Besley, A., & Besley, T. (2006). Building knowledge cultures: Education and development in the age of knowledge capitalism (Vol. 2): Rowman & Littlefield. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/sajhe.v20i6.25614

Qazi, W., Simon, H., Rawat, K., & Hamid, S. (2010). Role of private sector in higher education of Pakistan: Predicaments and insights. Eastern Kentucky University.

Rasool, S. (2011). A Comparative Study of the Quality Assurance Practice in Public and Private Universities. (PhD), University of the Punjab, Lahore.

Rid, S. A., Sajid MAhmood Awan. (2015). Inte-Provincial Coordination Federal Legislative List Part-II Section 13. Islamabad.

S. Mukhtar, T., I. Saeed, M. (2011). An analytical study of higher education system of Pakistan. International journal of academic research, 3(2).

Scott, P. (1985). The crisis of the university.

Shah, Z., Ahmad, M., & Yousaf, N. (2017). 18th Amendment Act and Federalism in Pakistan: Provincial Perspective. Transylvanian Review, 1(1).

Shaikh, N. (1998). Higher Education in Pakistan: The Public Sector. In J. J. Talati, C. W. Vellani, P. Herber, R. A. L. Sutton, A. F. Qureshi, S. Pardhan & K. Bacchus (Eds.), Higher Education A Pathway to Development. Karachi: Oxford University Press and The Aga Khan University Press.

Siddiqui, S. (2016). Education Policies in Pakistan: Politics, Projections, and Practices: Oxford University Press.

Simons, H. (2009). Case study research in practice: SAGE publications. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446268322

Tarar, N. O. (2006). Globalisation and higher education in Pakistan. Economic and Political Weekly, 5080-5085.

Tikly, L. (2001). Globalisation and education in the postcolonial world: Towards a conceptual framework. Comparative education, 37(2), 151-171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03050060124481

Tilak, J. B. (2001). Education and development: Lessons from Asian experience. Indian Social Science Review, 3(2), 219-266.

ul Hasan, S. S., & Riaz, S. U. (2013). Public Expenditure on Education; A Measure for Promoting Economic Development. Business and Management, 12(2), 56-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-1225662

Verschuren, P. (2003). Case study as a research strategy: some ambiguities and opportunities. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 6(2), 121-139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13645570110106154

Zakaria, M., Janjua, S. Y., & Fida, B. A. (2016). Internationalization of Higher Education: Trends and Policies in Pakistan. Bulletin of Education and Research, 38(1), 75-88.

Zubair, S. S., Jabeen, N., Salman, D. Y., Zahid, M., & Irfan, D. S. (2019). Governance Context of Higher Education Sector of Pakistan. Pakistan Vision (2019) Vol, 20(1).

Downloads

Published

2021-03-30

How to Cite

Ali, F., & Ahmad Rid, S. (2021). Post 18th Amendment Scenario and Higher Education in Pakistan? A Case Study of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences, 9(1), 09–20. https://doi.org/10.21015/vtess.v9i1.788