Pakistan Quest for security An Analysis of Internal and External Security

Authors

  • Asma Begum Department of Political Science, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
  • Maria Umer Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21015/vtess.v12i3.1896

Abstract

Many times, people think of terrorism as a premeditated, harsh response to perceived injustices. Unfortunately, reports on the repercussions of terrorism frequently lack a clear understanding of the psychological and societal reasons that underlie these kinds of acts. Pakistan has been at the forefront of both the global counterterrorism effort and the experience of terrorism since the events of 9/11. This essay examines the security issues that Pakistan faces as a result of terrorism, which feeds a vicious cycle of radicalization. Pakistan is suffering greatly as a result of the aftermath of terrorism, which has affected its political, social, economic, and physical infrastructure. Terrorism has cost the nation dearly on the social, economic, and human fronts. Despite playing a significant role in the global campaign against terrorism, Pakistan has received unjust labels as a financier of global terrorism. Pakistani terrorism is a complicated problem shaped by many variables, with psychological aspects being one of the most important ones. Since 9/11, countries with a majority of Muslims, especially Pakistan, have felt emotionally threatened by the term "terrorism," frequently connecting it to crimes committed by extreme groups wrongly classified as Muslim

References

Akbar, M. (2011). Pakistan’s geo-strategic location and its implications. Journal of International Affairs, 18(2), 45–56.

Algozzine, B., & Dawson, C. (2006). Investigative approaches and methods. [Publisher].

Ali, A., Lubna, & Khan, I. N. (2009). The rise of Tehreek-e-Nifaz-e-Shariat-e-Mohammadi in Malakand division, NWFP: A case study of the process of state inversion. Pakistan Vision.

Ali, S., & Khan, M. (2009). The impact of Talibanization on Pakistan’s security. Asian Security Review, 12(1), 23–37.

Ali, S. M. (2020). The US-China strategic rivalry and its implications for Pakistan. Geopolitics of the Indo-Pacific Project.

Askari, S. J. (2008, October 9). Economic woes cause brain drain. The Nation Islamabad.

Azam, A. M. (2013). Facing the monster head-on. Islamabad: International Relations Department, Quaid-i-Azam University.

Aziz, K. K. (1984). Security and survival: The imperative of national security. Oxford University Press.

Baqai, H., & Wasi, N. (2021). Pakistan-Afghanistan relations: Pitfalls and the way forward. Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung (FES).

Berkowitz, B., & Bock, P. (2001). National security: Concepts and controversies. Sage Publications.

Blanton, R., & Kegley, C. W. (2016). World politics: Trend and transformation. Cengage Learning.

Cheema, P. I. (2006). Security challenges in South Asia: Traditional and nontraditional threats. South Asian Studies Journal, 22(1), 45–60.

Dionne, E. J. (2004). The coalition of the not-so-willing. Washington Post.

Evans, M. (2002a). The Afghan crisis and the international response. Cambridge University Press.

Evans, M. (2002b). Afghanistan: A short history of its people and politics. New York: HarperCollins.

Farlex. (n.d.). Farlex dictionary of idioms. http://www.thefreedictionary.com

Final report of the national commission on terrorist attacks upon the United States. (n.d.). National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States.

Gerring, J. (2004). What is a case study and what is it good for? American Political Science Review, 98(2), 341–354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055404001182

Gerring, J. (2007). Case study research: Principles and practices. Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511803123

Goraya, S. (2019). The internal and external security challenges of Pakistan. South Asian Journal of Security Studies, 5(1), 67–85.

Grare, F. (2007). Rethinking Western strategies toward Pakistan: An action agenda for the United States and Europe. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.

Gul, A., Munir, M., Shafiq, M., & Imran, S. (2022). Contours of China-Pakistan strategic cooperation: Implications for India and its counter-strategies. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(4), e2599.

Hassan, M., Shah, A., & Khan, I. (2016). Terrorism and internal security in Pakistan. Journal of Security Studies, 20(3), 33–50.

Hodge, C. (2004). US-Indian relations: Strategic challenges and opportunities. Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies.

Hollen, W. (1980). The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan: A case study. Harvard University Press.

Hussain, S., & Latif, D. M. I. (2020). Issues and challenges in Pakistan-Afghanistan relations after 9/11. South Asian Studies, 27(1).

Jaffar, A. (2008). Economic and political challenges in Pakistan. Journal of Economic Studies, 15(3), 34–56.

Jayaram, S., & Deshpande, V. (2008). Pakistan as a frontline ally: Cold War and beyond. Asian Affairs Review, 12(2), 67–84.

Khan, A. M. (1967). Friends not masters: A political biography. New York: Oxford University Press.

Khan, M. A. (2005). Historical and political factors influencing Pakistan’s security. Historical Studies Journal, 29(4), 102–118.

Khushi, A. (2004). The threat of ISIS and its impact on Pakistan. Middle Eastern Security Studies, 29(4), 72–8.

Kushi, A. (2018). Internal and external forces impacting Pakistan’s security. Journal of South Asian Studies, 31(3), 89–103.

Magsi, H. A., et al. (2024). Extremism and terrorism in Pakistan in the 21st century: Changing dynamics, new challenges, security governance, viable policy option. Journal of Quranic and Social Studies, 4(2), 01–12.

Malik, M. I. (2017). Challenges to Pakistan’s security: Internal and external perspectives. Express Tribune.

Malik, M. I., Ahmed, S., & Khan, R. (2017). The rise of extremism in Pakistan: Al Qaeda and the Taliban. International Security Review, 11(2), 115–130.

Marshall, A. (n.d.). Terror ‘blowback’ burns CIA. The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/terror-blowback-burns-cia1182087.html

Merriam, S. B. (2001). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. Jossey-Bass.

Murphy, J., Patel, R., & Singh, V. (2009). Political instability and economic impacts in Pakistan. Journal of Political Economy, 22(1), 5–21.

Njolstead, R. (1990). Title of the chapter. In Title of the book (p. pages). ((Reprinted in Gerring, 2007))

Pakistan’s role in the war on terror. (2005). Australian Government Publications.

Pakistan’s role in U.S. security strategy. (2008). A Report on Pakistan Policy Working Group.

Paleri, P. (2022). National security: Concept, evolution, and descriptive stasis. In Revisiting national security: Prospecting governance for human well-being (pp. 51–107). Springer.

Paul, T. V. (2004). Pakistan’s geo-strategic importance and foreign relations. Geo-Strategic Analysis, 16(3), 78–92.

Perspectives on terrorism and extremism in Pakistan. (2004). Pakistan Forum.

Polych, V. P. (2020). Environmental security in the international security system: Definition problems. Probs. Legality, 151, 180.

Rashid, M. T., Jamil, T., & Minhas, S. M. (2023). Terrorism and extremism as non-traditional security threats in post-9/11: Implications for Pakistan’s society and politics. Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 4(3), 184–193.

Schramm, W. (1971). Title of the chapter. In Title of the book (p. pages). ((Reprinted in Yin, 2002))

Security: The absence of actual or imagined dangers. (1989). Asian Defense Journal.

Senator Chuck Hagel’s confirmation hearings: India’s involvement in Afghanistan. (2013). Dawn.

Shah, S. (2021). Fear and external military security vs. internal human security: The case of Pakistan (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Bath.

Surbhi, S. (2018). Title of the article (Vol. volume) (No. issue).

Woodward, B. (2002). Bush at war. New York: Simon & Schuster.

Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Downloads

Published

2024-09-15

How to Cite

Begum, A., & Umer, M. (2024). Pakistan Quest for security An Analysis of Internal and External Security. VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences, 12(3), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.21015/vtess.v12i3.1896