Comparison of Perceptions of the Students and Teachers Concerning Causes of Dropout of Students at Secondary Level

Authors

  • Dr. Fareena Nazim Department of Education, Alhamd Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Dr. Uzma Batool Department of Education, Alhamd Islamic University Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Adnan Riaz Department of Education, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21015/vtess.v11i2.1468

Abstract

School dropout is a significant problem currently facing developing countries. The objective of this study was to examine the perspectives of teachers and students on the causes of early school leaving at the secondary school level. The population of this study included all secondary school students and teachers in the Rawalpindi District. A sample size of 80 teachers and 120 students was selected using a multi-level random sampling technique. Data was collected from teachers and students using a self-developed questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 and descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage were applied. The results show that there are differences in the views of students and teachers on the reasons for dropping out, including abuse/verbal warnings, the imposition of fines, the allocation of extra homework and strict rules. Both teachers and students agree that social boycotts, extra assignments, deprivation of rewards, detention of students after school, and removal of students from the classroom all contribute to early school leaving. It is recommended that school leaders and teachers create an encouraging and relaxed environment, both in the school and in the classroom, that enables students to find it conducive to learning. place to learn.

References

Cluddus, N. J. (1990). Problems of Education in Pakistan. Karachi: Riyal Book Company.

Denson, K., & Schumacker, R. E. (1996, April). Student choices: Using a competing risks model of survival analysis. Paper presented at the meeting of the American Educational Research Association, New York, NY.

Ekstrom, R. B., Goertz, M. E., Pollack, J. M., & Rock, D. A. (1986). Who drops out of high school and why? Findings from a national study. Teachers College Record, 87, 356-373.

Farmer, J., & Payne, Y. (1992). Dropping out – Issues and answers. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas.

Fine, M. (1991). Framing dropouts. Albany: State University of New York Press.

Gay, L. R. (1996). Educational Research competencies for analysis and allocation. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.

Gil, A. J., Antelm-Lanzat, A. M., Cacheiro-González, M. L., & Pérez-Navío, E. (2018). School dropout factors: A teacher and school manager perspective. Educational Studies, 45(5), 1-14. doi: 10.1080/03055698.2018.1516632.

Goldschmidt, P., & Wang, J. (1999). When can schools affect dropout behavior? A longitudinal multilevel analysis. American Educational Research Journal, 36(4), 715-738. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3102/00028312036004715

Hahn, A., & Danzberger, J. (1987). Dropouts in America – Enough is known for action. Washington, DC: Institute for Educational Leadership.

Islam, S. M., Rahman, M. M., Moonajilin, M. S., & Chowdhury, M. A. R. (2021). Factors contributing to school dropout among adolescents in developing countries: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review, 129, 105-118.

Joulaei, H., & Kalateh-Sadati, A. (2022). COVID-19 outbreak and school dropout: A worldwide challenge for an equitable future. Int. J. Sch. Health, 7, 1–2. doi: 10.30476/intjsh.2020.88876.1117.

Jordan, W. J., Lara, J., & McPartland, J. M. (1996). Exploring the causes of early dropout among race-ethnic and gender groups. Youth & Society, 28(1), 62-94. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X96028001003

Kaplan, D. S., Damphousse, K. R., & Kaplan, H. B. (1994). Mental health implications of not graduating from high school. Journal of Experimental Education, 62, 105-123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00220973.1994.9943834

Kaplan, D. S., Damphousse, K. R., & Kaplan, H. B. (1996). Moderating effects of gender on the relationship between not graduating from high school and psychological dysfunction in young adulthood. Journal of Educational Psychology, 88, 760-774. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.88.4.760

Kaplan, H. B. (1980). Deviant behavior in defense of self. New York: Academic Press.

Kaplan, H. B. (1983). Psychological distress in sociological context: Toward a general theory of psychological stress. In H. B. Kaplan (Ed.), Psychological stress (pp. 195-264). New York: Academic Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397560-7.50010-6

Kolstad, A. J., & Ownings, J. A. (1986). High school dropouts who change their minds about school. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education.

Kronick, R. F., & Hargis, C. H. (1998). Dropouts: Who drops out and why – And the recommended action (2nd ed.). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

Kumar, P., Patel, S. K., Debbarma, S., & Saggurti, N. (2023). Determinants of school dropouts among adolescents: Evidence from a longitudinal study in India. PLoS ONE, 18(3), e0282468. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282468

Lichter, T., Cornwell, G. T., & Eggebeen, D. J. (1993). Harvesting human capital: Family structure and education among rural youth. Rural Sociology, 58, 53-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.1993.tb00482.x

McManus, M. (1989). Troublesome behavior in the classroom: A teacher's survival guide. USA: Nichols Publishing Company. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203296226

Mertler, C. A. (2006). Action Research teachers as researchers in the classroom. America: Saga Publication.

Mohalik, R., Sethy, R., & Sangeeta, M. (2021). Attendance of students in government elementary schools: A study on Jharkhand. Randwick International Journal of Education and Linguistics Science, 2(2), 2549. doi:10.47175/rielsj.v2i2.2549.

Teachman, J. D., Paasch, K., & Carver, K. (1996). Social capital and dropping out of school early. Journal of Educational Research, 90, 144-152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/353735

Sharif, M. K. (1990). Education research. S. B. Nangia New Delhi: Efficient Offset Printers.

Tabassum, S. R. (2019). A study of school dropouts in India: Sensitivity at display. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Language Research, 6, 1-10. Retrieved on January 18, 2023, from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/A-Study-of-School-Dropouts-in-India%3A-Sensitivity-at-Tabassum/8c16837819b2cf656943ccddd79b4e84d1bbebf7

UNESCO (2002). Low Participation of Female Students in Primary Education: A Case Study of Dropout from The Amhara and Oromia Regional States in Ethiopia. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Downloads

Published

2023-06-06

How to Cite

Nazim, D. F., Batool, D. U., & Riaz, M. A. (2023). Comparison of Perceptions of the Students and Teachers Concerning Causes of Dropout of Students at Secondary Level. VFAST Transactions on Education and Social Sciences, 11(2), 13–19. https://doi.org/10.21015/vtess.v11i2.1468

Issue

Section

Articles