Ahmed, Aijaz, and Mumin Ahmad. “Hagia Sophia: A Study of Its Historical Perspectives, Architectural Structure and Geographical Importance”. VFAST Transactions on Islamic Research 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 5–9. Accessed May 15, 2026. https://vfast.org/journals/index.php/VTIR/article/view/739.